Singly Reinforced Vs Doubly Reinforced Beam
The beam can be defined as a structural member that carries all vertical loads and resists bending. There are several types of materials used for beams, such as steel, wood, fibers, etc. But the most common material is reinforced concrete.
Reinforced Beam
The loads carried by a beam are transferred to walls, columns, or beams, which transfer the force to adjacent structural compression members.
Simply supported, mainly two types are described below.
- Singly Reinforced Beam
- Doubly Reinforced Beam
What Is Singly Reinforced Beam?
The beam that is longitudinally reinforced only in tension zone, it is known as a singly reinforced beam. In Such beams, the ultimate bending moment and the tension due to bending are carried by the reinforcement, while the compression is carried by the concrete.
But it is not possible to provide reinforcement only in the tension zone, because we need to tie the stirrups. Therefore, two rebars are used in the compression zone to tie the stirrups, and the rebars act as false members only to hold the stirrups.
What Is Doubly Reinforced Beam?
The doubly reinforced beams have compression reinforcement in addition to the tension reinforcement, and this compression reinforcement can be on both sides of the beam (top or bottom face), depending on the type of beam, that is, simply supported or cantilever, respectively.
The beam that is reinforced with steel in the tension and compression zone is known as the doubly reinforced beam. This type of beam is provided mainly when the depth of the beam is restricted. If a beam with limited depth is reinforced only on the tension side, it may not be strong enough to withstand the bending moment
The resistance moment cannot be increased by increasing the amount of steel in the stress zone. To increase, the beam is reinforced, but not more than 25%, on the tensioned side. Thus, a doubly reinforced beam is provided to increase the strength moment of a beam with limited dimensions. Steel reinforced beams in compression and tension zones are called doubly reinforced beams.
This type of beam will be considered necessary when, due to the consideration of headroom or architecture, the depth of the beam is restricted. The beam with limited depth, if reinforced only on the tension side, may not have enough moment of resistance to resist the moment of bending.
By increasing the amount of steel in the stress zone, the resistance moment cannot be increased indefinitely. Normally, the resistance moment can be increased by no more than 25% over the balanced resistance moment, making the beam reinforced on the tension side. Therefore, to further increase the strength moment of a beam section of unlimited dimensions, a doubly reinforced beam is provided.
In addition, this doubly reinforced beam is also used in the following circumstances:
- External living loads can alternate; that is, they can occur on either side of the limb. For example:
- A stack can be lifted in such a way that the tension and compression zones can
- The load can be eccentric, and the eccentricity of the load can change from one side of the axle to the other side.
- The limb may be subjected to a shock or impact or accidental lateral impulse.
Difference Between Single and Doubly Reinforced Beam
- For a beam, it is necessary to provide reinforcement (steel bars) in the compression and tension zone.
- In a beam, if the reinforcement is only in the stress zone, it will be called the Singly Reinforcement Beam, and if the reinforcement is in the Tension and Compression zone, it will be called the Doubly Reinforced Beam.
- In both cases, there will be a rod in the tension and compression zone. This is because it is not possible to form a beam structure without stirrups.
- To keep the stirrups in a standing position, it is necessary to place two reinforcements in the compression zone of the reinforced beam singly.
- However, these two never carry or carry loads on your body, and it is only fictional.
- In a beam, the upper section is called the compression zone, and the lower section is called the stress zone.
- It is used when the section has to resist moment Rbd2. While it is used when the section has to resist a moment greater than the Rbd2.
Why We Provide Doubly Reinforced Beams?
This type of beam is provided mainly when the depth of the beam is restricted. If a beam with limited depth is reinforced only on the tension side, it may not be strong enough to withstand the bending moment.
In order to increase the load capacity of the section moment. The limb is subjected to a shock or impact or accidental lateral impulse. A doubly reinforced beam is provided to increase the strength of a beam with limited dimensions.
Minimal compression reinforcement is provided to keep the shear reinforcement (stirrups) in position and increase the ductility of the beam. For safety reasons, we always provide a doubly reinforced beam to combat wind forces, seismic forces, and temperature stresses.
The Procedure of Singly Reinforced Beam Design
1. Calculate the value of N using the formula provided:
[Were N = AxixConstant neutral critical.]2. Using this method below to find the value of J.
Where J is known as Lever arm constant
3. Determine the moment of the resistance coefficient
4. Select the appropriate width (b) and compare the bending moment and the resistance moment with sufficient depth for that section.
5. Calculate the value of At using the formula provided
Where At = Area of elastic steel.
T = permissible tensile stress in steel.
For a specific section of the beam, it is necessary to apply reinforcement (steel bars) in the compression and tension zone. If the reinforcement is only in the tension zone, it will be called Single Reinforcement Beam, and, on the other hand, if the reinforcement is in the Tension and Compression zone, it will be called Doubly Reinforced Beam.
In both cases, there will be a load in the tension and compression zone. This is because; it is not possible to discover a beam structure without stirrups.
To keep the stirrups in their upright position, it is necessary to place two reinforcements in the compression zone of the reinforced beam singly. However, these two never carry or carry loads on your body, and this is just false. In a beam, the upper section is called the compression zone, and the lower part is called the stress zone.
Information About RCC Beams:
RCC beams are constructed with reinforced cement concrete using reinforced bars. Where the beams resist traction and compression, it adds rigidity to the structure. The beams usually manage vertical gravitational forces, but they can also be used to deal with horizontal loads (that is, loads placed due to wind and an earthquake).
The loads carried by the beam are movable for walls, columns or beams, which transfer the force to the adjacent structural compression members. In the construction of the light board, the beams rest on the beam.
The Procedure for Doubly Reinforced Beam Design
1. Determine the limit moment of the resistance.
Mu Lim = 87.fy.Astl.d [1 – 0.42 Xu max]
2. If the Mu> Mu Lim factored moment, it is necessary that the doubly reinforced beam be designed for an additional moment.
Mu – Mu lim = fsc.Asc (d-d’)
3. Additional Ast2 tensioned steel area
Ast2 = Asc.fsc / 0.87fy
4. Total tension-steel
Ast, Ast = Ast1 + Ast2
Advantages of Doubly Reinforced Beam
- Compression steel helps in reducing the beam’s long-term deflection.
- The doubly reinforced beam is economical as contrasted to singly reinforced beams.
- The doubly reinforced beam has steel in tension and compression zone to reduce the section’s deflection. It increases the section’s rotation capacity.
- Compression steel and tensile steel increase the section’s flexibility; hence, the doubly RCC section is always used in earthquake-prone areas.
FAQs
What Is a Singly Reinforced Beam?
A singly reinforced beam is a structural element that has reinforcement (steel bars) only in the tension zone (typically at the bottom of the beam). This type of beam relies on concrete to handle compression forces while the reinforcement handles tension forces.
What Is a Doubly Reinforced Beam?
A doubly reinforced beam includes reinforcement in both the tension and compression zones. This design is used when the depth of the beam is limited or when additional strength is required to resist higher bending moments.
Why Would a Doubly Reinforced Beam Be Necessary?
Doubly reinforced beams are used when the depth of the beam is restricted or when additional bending strength is needed. They are also used in situations with alternating external loads, eccentric loads, or in areas prone to impacts or shocks.
How Does Reinforcement in the Compression Zone Affect a Beam?
Reinforcement in the compression zone helps increase the beam’s capacity to resist bending moments, particularly in cases where the beam depth is limited. It also improves the overall strength and ductility of the beam.
What Are the Main Differences Between Singly and Doubly Reinforced Beams?
The primary difference is that singly reinforced beams have reinforcement only in the tension zone, whereas doubly reinforced beams have reinforcement in both the tension and compression zones. Doubly reinforced beams are used to handle higher bending moments and provide additional strength.
How Do You Design a Singly Reinforced Beam?
Designing a singly reinforced beam involves calculating the required reinforcement based on the bending moments and stress conditions. Key steps include determining the moment of resistance, selecting the beam’s width and depth, and calculating the area of steel required.
What Is the Procedure for Designing a Doubly Reinforced Beam?
Designing a doubly reinforced beam involves calculating the limit moment of resistance, determining any additional moments needed, and then calculating the required areas of both tension and compression reinforcement.
What Are the Advantages of Using a Doubly Reinforced Beam?
Doubly reinforced beams offer reduced long-term deflection, increased strength, and enhanced flexibility. They are more economical in certain cases and are beneficial in earthquake-prone areas due to their increased rotation capacity and ductility.
When Should You Use a Singly Reinforced Beam Instead of a Doubly Reinforced Beam?
Singly reinforced beams are typically used when the depth of the beam is sufficient to resist the expected bending moments with tension-side reinforcement alone. They are suitable for less demanding applications where additional compression reinforcement is not necessary.
Can You Convert a Singly Reinforced Beam into a Doubly Reinforced One?
Yes, a singly reinforced beam can be converted into a doubly reinforced beam if additional reinforcement is required to handle increased loads or bending moments. This involves adding reinforcement to the compression zone.
