What Is Concrete Topping?
A Concrete topping is a process of laying out a layer of high strength concrete topper or concrete floor topping on the old worn-out layer of the concrete, essentially defining topping in the context of topping in construction.
It is nothing but placing a layer of concrete over the existing slab in order to give a finished floor surface on the old layer of concrete. Concrete topping slabs are usually applied on top of the structural floors in order to provide a finished floor surface.
Topping Slab Definitiona
A topping slab is defined as the overlay which is designed in order to provide a dense, abrasion-resistant, and finished floor surface for multiple purpose use such as providing a wearing course to support traffic loads in parking facilities.
Providing a level surface for interior floors in our home, providing a special base for the electrical and mechanical equipment, and to resurface worn or damaged floors. In this article, you will get to know all about topping slab its types, purpose, Construction, and advantages and Construction process.
Purpose of Topping Slab
- The use of the topping slab is to provide waterproofing.
- It provides abrasion resistance to the underlying slab.
- It provides a wearing course to support the loads coming on it.
- It provides a level surface to the floor.
- Topping slab helps to develop additional superimposed load-bearing capacity.
Need for Construction of Topping Slab
Warehouses and factories are considered as the hottest sector for concrete Construction. Nowadays Topping slab is widely used in Re-development and Construction projects because it is cost-effective and aesthetically pleasing as compared to other slabs.
Topping slab is more sustainable and high-performing. They provide finer finish, healthy indoor air quality, and stronger foundation that’s it is widely accepted and recommend in the construction.
Types of Topping Slab
The Concrete Topping Slab is mainly categorized into two types, Bonded Topping Slab, and Unbonded topping slab, each with its own concrete topping mixture and concrete topping slab minimum thickness requirements.
- Unbonded Topping Slab.
- Bonded Concrete Slab.
1. Unbonded Topping Slab
In this type, the Topping Slab is not bonded with the underlying existing concrete slab. There is no bond between both slabs. The Concrete topping slab is not mechanically adhered to or bonded to the underlying structural floor.
Unbonded systems are provided when it is desired that the two slab courses move independently or to permit easy replacement of the topping slab at a later period of time. Unbonded construction with a minimum thickness of 100mm is preferred.
If there are any cracks in the base slab or if a good bond is only partially attainable or totally lacking. A slab thickness of 127 mm provides a better serviceable life.
Unbonded topping slab allows for the introduction of a radiant system for heating and cooling or ice melting applications. Radiant systems are an integral part of Sustainable building construction.
2. Bonded Concrete Slab
In this type of slab, the concrete topping is adhered to or bonded with the underlying concrete slab. Bonded slabs are usually used for both structural and functional purposes.
The Bonded concrete slab can be used for both light duty as well as heavy-duty slabs. The minimum thickness of the bonded concrete slab is 1 to 2 in. (25 to 50 mm).
Steel Reinforcement in Topping Slab
Reinforcement such as deformed bars and welded wires are used in the construction of the topping slab in order to reduce its shrinkage and avoid crack formation. The addition of reinforcement will minimize the potential crack width.
Adv antages of Topping Slab
- It is used to strengthen the weak and fragile concrete surface, making it an ideal floor topping mixture for various applications.
- It helps to provide a finished surface to the floor and increase its thickness.
- It helps to provide specific slopes to the post Construction drainage.
- It reduces the Repair cost for finished Construction.
- It increases the load-bearing capacity of the slab.
Disadvantages of Topping Slab
- There may be chances of crack formation due to lack of bonding between new and old slab.
- Laying concrete layer on existing one increase the dead load of the structure.
- Concrete topping raise the level of the existing slab.
What Is Sand Topping Mix?
Sand Topping Mix is a uniformly blended mixture of portland cement, graded sand and other ingredients. This mix is ideal for repairing and topping damaged concrete surfaces that are less than 2 in. thickness.
It can be applied to a 1/2 in. The thickness and will maintain the strength which is required for traffic areas.
- Sand topping mix is used for repairing the damaged concrete having less thickness.
- It is used as a base for laying bricks.
- Used for patching and leveling steps.
- It is also used for repairing the cracks.
What Is Micro-Topping?
Micro topping is a cement product that is widely used for repairing cracks in concrete components like beams, columns, and walls. It is used in RCC jacketing to increase the strength of the concrete structures. Micro topping is suitable for a modern environment and gives a classic look to the surface.
Construction Process of Laying Concrete Topping
- Assessment of Base Concrete.
- Preparation of Base Concrete.
- Placing of Topping Concrete.
- Finishing.
- Curing.
1. Assessment of Base Concrete
The existing concrete on which the topping should be done should be free from cracks. The existing concrete should be hard and strong. It is not preferred Tu to construct concrete topping on a slab having a weak base.
2. Preparation of Base Concrete
It is one of the important steps before starting the construction of concrete topping. The surface on which the topping will be laid should be uniform and free from dust particles.
3. Placing of Topping Concrete
Before placing the concrete topping on existing slab, it should be checked properly, ensuring the cement topping or topping cement is of the right consistency for the topping slab concrete. The surface should be kept wet so that it cannot absorb water from the topping concrete.
4. Finishing
The surface of the topping concrete should be well finished. The finishing of topping concrete depends upon the place and its utility. The surface of the topping concrete should be smooth finish so that it looks aesthetically pleasing.
5. Curing
Proper curing should be done of topping concrete. It should be cured at least for seven days. Effective curing helps to achieve maximum strength and resistance to abrasion. It also helps to avoid shrinkage cracks on the surface of the concrete.
FAQ: Concrete Topping
What is concrete topping?
Concrete topping is a process of laying a high-strength concrete layer over an existing worn-out concrete slab to provide a finished floor surface.
What is a topping slab?
A topping slab is an overlay designed to provide a dense, abrasion-resistant, and finished floor surface, often used to support traffic loads, level surfaces, and resurface worn floors.
What are the purposes of a topping slab?
- Provide waterproofing
- Offer abrasion resistance
- Support loads
- Level the floor surface
- Enhance load-bearing capacity
Why is there a need for constructing a topping slab?
Topping slabs are cost-effective, aesthetically pleasing, sustainable, and high-performing. They provide a finer finish, better indoor air quality, and a stronger foundation.
What are the types of topping slabs?
- Bonded Topping Slab: Bonded with the underlying concrete, used for structural and functional purposes with a minimum thickness of 25 to 50 mm.
- Unbonded Topping Slab: Not bonded with the underlying concrete, allowing independent movement and easier replacement, with a minimum thickness of 100 mm.
What is a bonded concrete slab?
A bonded concrete slab adheres to the underlying slab, providing structural and functional support with a minimum thickness of 1 to 2 inches.
What is an unbonded topping slab?
An unbonded topping slab does not adhere to the underlying concrete, allowing for independent movement and easier replacement, typically used when cracks in the base slab or lack of good bonding are concerns.
What is the role of steel reinforcement in a topping slab?
Steel reinforcement, such as deformed bars and welded wires, reduces shrinkage and avoids crack formation, enhancing the slab’s durability.
What are the advantages of a topping slab?
- Strengthens weak concrete surfaces
- Provides a finished surface
- Offers specific slopes for drainage
- Reduces repair costs
- Increases load-bearing capacity
What are the disadvantages of a topping slab?
- Potential for crack formation due to lack of bonding
- Increases the dead load of the structure
- Raises the level of the existing slab
What is a sand topping mix?
A sand topping mix is a blend of Portland cement, graded sand, and other ingredients, ideal for repairing and topping damaged concrete surfaces less than 2 inches thick.
What is micro-topping?
Micro-topping is a cement product used for repairing cracks in concrete components and is suitable for modern environments, providing a classic look.
What are the steps in the construction process of laying concrete topping?
- Assessment of Base Concrete: Ensure the base is free from cracks and is strong.
- Preparation of Base Concrete: Clean and uniform surface.
- Placing of Topping Concrete: Ensure proper consistency and wet surface to prevent water absorption.
- Finishing: Smooth finish based on utility and aesthetics.
- Curing: Proper curing for at least seven days to achieve maximum strength and resistance.
