What Is Pneumatic Structures?
Pneumatic Structures are the special type of structure which is generally characterized by the slightly higher air pressure of internal surrounding. The word ‘Pneumatic’ means the structures which is constructed with the support of Air Pneumatic structures was introduced in the Building Technology about 40 years ago.
The pneumatic structure is a membrane structure which is stabilized with the help of the compressed air. The Pneumatic structures are a very cost-effective type of Buildings for the longer span.
The roof of the pneumatic structures are made from the rubber or enforce film with the help of polymers. The weight of the roofing membrane is balance and maintain with the help air compressors or blowers.
Pneumatic structures are environment-friendly structures. In the construction of the Pneumatic structures, the pressure difference between the enclosed space and the exterior is responsible for building for its shape and stability. Pneumatic structures are the combination of two components with different properties which is an airtight membrane and compressed air.
One of the Disadvantages of the pure pneumatic structures is that it required high air pressure to maintain its shape. The pneumatic structures are generally made from the laminated membranes such as nylon, fibreglass polyester, silicon rubber etc.
The shape of the Pneumatic structure is round because it creates a larger volume for less amount of material. The pneumatic structure is a membrane which can carry the total load develop from the tensile stresses. The stabilization of the Pneumatic structure is done with the help of pre-stressing of the membrane. The pre-stressing of the membrane is done by applying an external force to put the membrane.
Pneumatic architecture structures are used widely for the construction of permanent as well as temporary structures. Pneumatic structures can develop an artificial environment that is adaptable for humans. The foundation required for the Pneumatic structure is secured to the ground using Heavyweights.
The material which is used for the envelope is as follows.
- Fibreglass which has high tensile strength and durability
- Polyester or PVC coated polyester which is flexible.
- Nylon or vinyl-coated nylon which has more strength and durability.
Principle of Pneumatic Structures
- The principle of the Pneumatic structure is the use of a very thin membrane that is supported by a pressure difference.
- The Dead weight of the space available in the envelope is balanced by increasing the inside air pressure.
- The thin membrane gets stress to the point where it cannot be indented by the asymmetrical loading.
Types of Pneumatic Structures
There are mainly two types of Pneumatic structures
- Air supported pneumatic structures
- Air inflated pneumatic structures
1. Air Supported Pneumatic Structures
Air supported structures have Air higher than the atmospheric pressure supporting the envelope. Air supported inverter structures are supported by the internal air pressure and use of a network of the cable stiffen the fabric.
The lifespan of the Air supported structures is 20 to 25 years. The Air supported Pneumatic structures have a relatively low cost. The Internal pressure in the air-supported structures is maintained above the Normal atmospheric pressure with the help of compressors or fans. It should be provided with Airlocks which are required to prevent the loss of internal air pressure.
2. Air Inflated Pneumatic Structures
Air inflated structures are supported by pressurized air which contained with an inflated building element. Air inflated structures are supported with the help of pressurized air within inflated building elements in the different shapes that will carry the loads.
In the air-inflated structures, the air under high pressure fills only in the supporting elements of the pneumatic structure. The internal pressure of the air Inflated structures remains at the atmospheric pressure.
Characteristics of the Pneumatic Structures
Pneumatic structure, Membrane structure that is stabilized by the pressure of compressed air. Air-supported structures are supported by internal air pressure. A network of cables stiffens the fabric, and the assembly is supported by a rigid ring at the edge.
List of Characteristics of the Pneumatic Structures
- Weight of the Pneumatic Structures
- The Span of the Cinematic Structures
- Safety of the Parametric Structures
- The Time Required for Construction of Pneumatic Structures
Weight of the Pneumatic Structures
- The Pneumatic structures are lightweight.
- The weight of the Pneumatic structures as compared to the area on which it is constructed is very less.
- The lower pressure is sufficient to balance it.
The Span of the Cinematic Structures
There is no theoretical maximum span for the Pneumatic structure. It varies as per the need and the design.
Safety of the Parametric Structures
- Pneumatic structures are safer as compared to conventional building structures.
- Cinematic structures are fire resistance.
The Time Required for Construction of Pneumatic Structures
- Pneumatic structures can be quickly erected and dismantled.
- Pneumatic structures are suitable for the construction of temporary buildings.
- Good Natural lighting and ventilation can be provided in the Pneumatic Structures.
- The pressure of the Pneumatic structures ranges from 80-100 mm.
Advantages of Pneumatic Structures
The Advantages of the Pneumatic structures are as follows.
- Pneumatic structures are lightweight
- Pneumatic structures can cover a larger area of span without any type of internal support.
- Pneumatic structures are economical as compared to other structures.
- The construction and the assembly of the Pneumatic structures are very fast.
- Pneumatic structures can be used to construct a whole structure as an entity.
- Pneumatic structures can be used for both temporary as well as permanent structures for various purposes.
- The initial cost of construction of Pneumatic structures is less as compared to a conventional building.
- The operation cost of periodic structures is also less as compared to a conventional building.
Disadvantages of Pneumatic Structures
The Disadvantages of Pneumatic structures are as follows
- Pneumatic structures are less durable and have a short service life.
- Pneumatic structures are poor resistance to fire and the acoustic insulation.
- The enclosed membrane of the Pneumatic structures required maintenance of excess pressure.
Uses of the Pneumatic Structures
The various uses of pneumatic structures are as follows
- Pneumatic structures can be used for the mobile buildings such as maintenance station, camps medical aid stations etc.
- Pneumatic structures can be used for permanent as well as temporary buildings for various purposes like seminar halls, production area and Godowns, stadium etc.
- Pneumatic Structures examples the Military structures which are used for storage and other emergency medical operations.
- Structures for Botanical gardens or zoological gardens.
Pneumatic Structures Examples
There are various examples of pneumatic structures are as follows
- The pneumatic roof is the roof with the largest span without the support of columns. This type of rule is very helpful for climate control.
- The Pneumatic structure example is the Syracuse Carrier Dome.
- The Allianz Arena stadium in Germany is the largest pneumatic structure.
Frequently asked questions (FAQs) that could be included in your article on pneumatic structures:
What Are Pneumatic Structures?
Pneumatic structures are lightweight buildings characterized by a membrane stabilized with compressed air. They are often used for their cost-effectiveness and ability to span large areas without internal supports.
How Do Pneumatic Structures Work?
Pneumatic structures use a thin membrane, typically made of materials like polyester or PVC, which is inflated with compressed air to create shape and stability. The internal air pressure balances the structure’s weight.
What Are the Advantages of Pneumatic Structures?
Advantages include lightweight construction, quick assembly and disassembly, economical operation costs, and suitability for both temporary and permanent buildings.
What Are the Disadvantages of Pneumatic Structures?
Disadvantages include lower durability compared to conventional structures, susceptibility to damage from fire, and the need for maintenance to maintain internal air pressure.
Where Are Pneumatic Structures Used?
They are used in various applications such as sports stadiums (e.g., Allianz Arena), temporary shelters, botanical gardens, and military operations due to their flexibility and ease of deployment.
What Materials Are Used in Pneumatic Structures?
Materials include fiberglass, polyester, nylon, and silicon rubber, chosen for their durability, flexibility, and strength under tension.
Are Pneumatic Structures Environmentally Friendly?
Yes, they can be considered environmentally friendly due to their efficient use of materials, potential for recycling, and energy efficiency during construction and operation.
How Long Do Pneumatic Structures Last?
The lifespan varies but is generally around 20 to 25 years for air-supported structures, depending on maintenance and environmental conditions.
What Are the Design Considerations for Pneumatic Structures?
Design considerations include calculating the required internal air pressure, ensuring structural stability, and integrating necessary safety features like airlocks to prevent pressure loss.
Can Pneumatic Structures Be Used in Extreme Weather Conditions?
Yes, they can be engineered to withstand various weather conditions, although precautions must be taken to ensure stability and durability.
